Nsibidi: The Ancient African Script that Inspired Wakanda’s Writing System

George "Jupiter" Akor
4 min readFeb 1, 2024

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T’challa’s image with graffiti in Wakandan Writing

Wakanda. With its advanced technology, fierce tribes, and, of course, vibranium, it is easily the most advanced state in the MCU. To crown it all, it had its own indigenous writing system. Or did it? The beautiful pictograms that are Wakanda’s writing were in fact borrowed from an equally old, albeit not nearly as sophisticated, civilization. Ok, let’s leave the world of fiction. What if I told you that Wakanda’s writing wasn’t just some Hollywood invention? What if it was based on a real-life West African script called Nsibidi?

Nsibidi: More Than Just Wakandan Cool

Nsibidi is an ancient writing system that was used by the Ekoi, Efik, Ibibio, and Igbo peoples of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. It’s not just some obscure historical relic, either. Nsibidi is still used today, although its use is heavily declining. But before we get into all that, let’s talk about what makes Nsibidi so darn interesting.

Origins and Spread of Nsibidi: A Trip Through Time

Female dancers of the Ekoi People
Female dancers of the Ekoi People

The exact origins of Nsibidi are shrouded in mystery, as is often the case with ancient writing systems. But archaeologists and historians believe it dates back at least to the 5th century AD, and possibly even earlier, originating with the Ekoi people of south-eastern Nigeria and south-western Cameroon. The earliest known examples of Nsibidi writing were found on pottery shards, but it was also used on wood, cloth, and even people’s skin. Nsibidi spread through trade and cultural exchange among the Ekoi, Efik, Ibibio, and Igbo communities. It was used for a variety of purposes, including communication — overt and covert — and religious rituals.

Nsibidi Alphabet: Cracking the Code

Examples of Nsibidi pictograms
Examples of Nsibidi pictograms

Nsibidi is a pictographic writing system, not an alphabet, which means that the symbols represent ideas or concepts rather than sounds. There are over 1,800 different Nsibidi symbols, each with its own meaning. Some of the symbols are quite simple, like a circle representing the sun or a line representing a path. Others are more complex, like a symbol that looks like a spiderweb and represents communication. Writing Nsibidi is no easy feat. The symbols can be arranged in different ways to create words and sentences, and the meaning of a symbol can change depending on its context. It’s like a giant puzzle, and only the initiated know how to put the pieces together.

Nsibidi Uses: From Secret Messages to Sacred Symbols

Nsibidi was used for a variety of purposes in traditional Ekoi, Efik, Ibibio, and Igbo societies. It was used to send secret messages, mark property, and communicate religious ideas. For example, a message warning people about a thief might use a symbol for “foot” and a symbol for “danger.” A symbol for “yam” and a symbol for “plenty” could mean “there is a good harvest this year.” Nsibidi was also used by secret societies for communication and ritual art; these secret societies functioned as a means of maintaining control and order in ancient societies in south-eastern Nigeria and south-western Cameroon.

The Current State of Nsibidi: Is it Still Used Today?

With the arrival of colonialism and Western education, the use of Nsibidi began to decline. Today, it is no longer as widely used as it once was. However, there are still efforts to revive Nsibidi, with a more complete writing system, Akagu, being a modern derivative, and it is still used by some traditional communities in Nigeria and Cameroon.

So, you’re interested in writing in Nsibidi? Well, buckle up, because it’s not going to be easy. First, you need to find a teacher who can initiate you to the secrets of the script. Then, you need to memorize all 1,800+ symbols and their meanings. And finally, you need to master the art of arranging the symbols into words and sentences. But hey, if you’re up for the challenge, it could be a pretty cool party trick. Just imagine being able to write secret messages that only a select few can understand. You’ll be the Wakandan whisperer in your social circle.

Conclusion: Nsibidi: More Than Just a Writing System

Nsibidi is more than just a writing system; it’s a window into the history and culture of the Ekoi, Efik, Ibibio, and Igbo peoples. It’s a reminder of the creativity and ingenuity of African civilizations. And it’s a source of inspiration for artists, writers, and anyone interested in the unique and diverse cultures of the world. Nsibidi’s beauty goes beyond its functionality, however. The symbols themselves are often works of art, with their intricate lines and geometric shapes reflecting the creativity and aesthetic sensibilities of the cultures that created them. Today, Nsibidi is finding new life in contemporary art, with artists incorporating its symbols into paintings, sculptures, and even fashion designs.

But Nsibidi’s significance goes beyond its inspiration for a fictional superhero movie. It’s a testament to the resilience of African cultures in the face of colonization and assimilation. In the face of the widespread adoption of the Latin alphabet, Nsibidi has survived, and its revival efforts are a powerful symbol of cultural reclamation and identity. Nsibidi is a reminder that history is full of hidden gems, waiting to be discovered and appreciated. It’s a story of cultural ingenuity, resilience, and adaptation. And who knows, maybe one day Nsibidi won’t just be the language of a fictional Wakanda, but a vibrant part of our own diverse and interconnected world.

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